1860 U.S. Federal Census information is about the same as the last decade.  The only thing that was added was the "Value of Personal Estate".  So, they wanted to get a better idea of the exact worth of people, not just their land worth.

1)  Dwelling-houses numbered in the order of visitation.
2)  Families numbered in the order of visitation.
3)  The Name of every Person whose usual place of abode on the first day of June, 1860, was in this family.
Description:
4)  Age
5)  Sex
6)  Color (White, black, or mulatto).
7)  Profession, Occupation, or Trade of each Male Person over 15 years of age.
8)  Value of Real Estate.
9)  Value of Personal Estate.
10) Place of Birth Naming the State, Territory, or Country.
11) Married within the year.
12) Attended School within the year.
13) Persons over 20 yr’s of age who cannot read & write.
14) Whether deaf and dumb, blind, insane, idiotic, pauper, or convict.